Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) constitute a large protein superfamily of mainly NAD(P)-dependent oxidoreductases involved in carbonyl metabolism. Catalysis is promoted by a conserved tetrad of active site residues (Tyr, Lys, Asp and His). Recent results of structure-function relationship studies for xylose reductase (AKR2B5) require an update of the proposed catalytic mechanism. Electrostatic stabilization by the ε-NH3+ group of Lys is a key source of catalytic power of xylose reductase. A molecular-level analysis of the substrate binding pocket of xylose reductase provides a case of how a very broadly specific AKR achieves the requisite selectivity for its physiological substrate and could serve as the basis for the design of novel reductases with improved specificities for biocatalytic applications. © 2006 IUBMB.
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Kratzer, R., Wilson, D. K., & Nidetzky, B. (2006, September 1). Catalytic mechanism and substrate selectivity of aldo-keto reductases: Insights from structure-function studies of Candida tenuis xylose reductase. IUBMB Life. https://doi.org/10.1080/15216540600818143