Fast sulfur dioxide measurements correlated with cloud condensation nuclei spectra in the marine boundary layer

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Abstract

During the Rain in (shallow) Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) project simultaneous high rate sulfur dioxide (SO2) measurements and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra were made for the first time. For research flight 14 (14 January 2005) the convective boundary layer was impacted by precipitation and ship plumes for much of the midday period but not in the late afternoon. Number densities of accumulation mode aerosols (0.14 to 0.2 μm diameter) were a factor of two greater in the later period while CCN were 35% to 80% greater for aerosols that activate at supersaturations >0.1%. Linear correlations of SO2 and CCN were found for SO2 concentrations ranging from 20 to 600 parts-per-trillion (pptv). The greatest sensitivities were for SO2 and CCN that activate at supersaturations >0.1% for both clean and polluted air. In a region unaffected by pollution SO2 was linearly correlated only with CCN at >0.2% supersaturation. These correlations imply that the smallest CCN may be activated by SO2 through heterogeneous conversion. Evidence for entrainment of CCN from the cloud layer into the CBL was found. © 2011 Author(s).

Figures

  • Table 1. Start times of CBL circles for RICO RF14.
  • Fig. 1. SO2 (1 Hz) time series for CBL circles of RICO RF14. Panel (B) shows an expanded scale of (A). Times are relative to the start times of circles given in Table 1. The SO2 peak near 1400 s of SC1 is not the same one as the peak in near 450 s of SU1, which was 40 km downwind at the time of the peak in SC1.
  • Table 2. NCAR CN number concentrations and SO2 concentrations for the CBL circles of RICO RF14 without direct effects of ship plumes and precipitation. Measurements of CN and SO2 sampled at 25 s−1 were integrated to 1 s.
  • Fig. 2. Portion of the C-130 descent in clear air to the start of the first surface circle (filled square). SO2 > 100 pptv from probable ship plumes was mixed to 500 m a.s.l. Data obtained at 25 samples s−1 were integrated to 1 s−1.
  • Fig. 4. Cumulative CCN at 1.5 % supersaturation for the CBL circles of RICO RF14 excluding the periods of precipitation. Panel (B) shows an expanded scale of (A).
  • Table 3. Statistics for the PCASP-200 concentrations (# cm−3) for sizes 0.14 to 2.75 µm integrated for 1 s for the precipitation free periods 500 to 1200 s of each circle.
  • Fig. 3. Size spectra from 10 Hz PCASP-200 integrated over the 500 s to 1200 s portions of the CBL circles of RICO RF14 excluding the periods of precipitation and pollution.
  • Fig. 5. Mean CCN cumulative concentrations as a function of supersaturation from the four CBL circles for periods free of SO2 pollution and precipitation.

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APA

Thornton, D. C., Bandy, A. R., & Hudson, J. G. (2011). Fast sulfur dioxide measurements correlated with cloud condensation nuclei spectra in the marine boundary layer. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(22), 11511–11519. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11511-2011

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