Quantum Compiling

Abstract

Quantum compiling fills the gap between the computing layer of high-level quantum algorithms and the layer of physical qubits with their specific properties and constraints. Quantum compiling is a hybrid between the general-purpose compilers of computers, transforming high-level language to assembly language, and hardware synthesis by hardware description language, where functions are automatically synthesized into customized hardware. Here we review the quantum compiling stack of both gate-model quantum computers and the adiabatic quantum computers. The former involves low-level qubit control, quantum error correction, synthesis of short quantum circuits, and transpiling, while the latter involves the virtualization of qubits by embedding of QUBO and HUBO problems on constrained graphs of physical qubits and both quantum error suppression and correction. Commercial initiatives and quantum compiling products are reviewed, including explicit programming examples.