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Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Molecular Pathways Involved as Targets for Prevention and Treatment

  • Gonzalez Maglio D
  • L. M
  • M. E
  • et al.
InTech, (2011)
DOI: 10.5772/26355
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Abstract

Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Molecular Pathways Involved as Targets for Prevention and Treatment.

Figures

  • Fig. 2. Nuclear factor kappa B -NF-κB- molecular pathway. Membrane receptors with their corresponding agonists as trigger stimuli (grey arrows) are shown, also the different downstream molecules involved. The common final path, that leads to NF-κB activation and subsequent COX-2 expression, can also be seen. P: phosphorylated molecule.
  • Fig. 3. Mitogen-activated protein kinases –MAPKs- molecular pathway. Membrane receptors which receive the trigger stimuli are shown, also the different downstream molecules involved and their crosslinks. This cascade includes kinases which phosphorylate and activate the next kinase. The common final path through the activation of the transcription factor AP-1, that finally leads to COX-2 expression, can also be seen.
  • Fig. 4. Crosstalk between MAPKs, PIP3 and NF-κB pathways. Membrane receptors, the different downstream molecules involved and their crosslinks are shown. The final path, which leads to COX-2 transcription and expression, can also be seen. P: phosphorylated molecule.
  • Fig. 5. Prostaglandins synthesis. a) Conversion of arachidonic acid –AA- into prostaglandin H2 -PGH2-, by the two enzymatic activities of COX-2. b) Conversion of PGH2 into different
  • Table 1. Molecular effects of prostaglandins –PGs-. The type of PG, subtype of prostanoid receptor involved, G-protein-coupled receptor activated and final molecular effect are shown. ↑: increase, ↓: decrease, ↑ ↓: both effects are possible.
  • Fig. 6. COX-2 expression positive feedback loop. PGE2, through its binding to EP2 receptor, activates the cAMP/CREB pathway that finally leads to COX-2 expression, which synthesizes more PGE2.

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CITATION STYLE

APA

Gonzalez Maglio, D. H., L., M., M., E., & Leoni, J. (2011). Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Molecular Pathways Involved as Targets for Prevention and Treatment. In Skin Cancers - Risk Factors, Prevention and Therapy. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/26355

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