Reinforced Concrete Beam–Column Joint: A Review of Its Cyclic Behavior

Abstract

Earthquakes expose vulnerable reinforced concrete structures in the last few decades. One of the crucial parts of a reinforced structural frame subjected to seismic loads, which often triggers older building collapse, is the beam–column joint (BCJ). Modern codes about BCJ are aligned with its cyclic load mechanisms, which are the diagonal strut and the truss mechanism. Each factor of BCJ assembly plays a significant role in resistance to cyclic loads. Experimental studies on BCJ cyclic load behavior are synthesized in this review paper, including the standard parameters such as crack patterns, energy dissipation, bond behavior, and stiffness degradation. This study also involves the assessments of the code provisions for BCJ after modification of variables in BCJ geometry. It was found in this literature review that the behavior of BCJ is dependent on assembly geometry, material characteristics, and some external conditions. Experimental and analytical results from available literature also noticed the overestimates and underestimates depicted in the current design codes such as ACI, New Zealand, and the European codes.