Panama Case Study: Coastal Zone Management in Panama: Lessons Learnedand Outlook for the Future

Abstract

Globally, efforts are being made to sustainably conserve and manage threatened ecosystems and the associated ecosystem services derived. However, evidence suggests that economic interests are increasingly being prioritized over the environment and the livelihoods of local resource-dependent communities. This review consists of four case studies from key coastal regions in Panama, exploring the successes and failures of different approaches to resource management and the impacts of management on the complex socio-ecological interactions between people and their environment. Primarily, we describe how communication and interaction between stakeholders are critical to effective coastal resource conservation. Panama provides an example of a complex sociological web attempting to balance a developing economy with the needs of a diverse and often marginalized population. While there is consensus surrounding the need for environmental management efforts, ineffective communication, community engagement, and knowledge exchange have severely impaired success. Overall, we highlight the importance of effective knowledge collection and exchange. For example, effectively utilizing the extensive historical and cultural heritage within the Panamanian indigenous societies would help to encourage stronger cooperation between policymakers and local communities. Fostering trust while simultaneously encouraging transparent and effective natural resource governance.