Ius pecuniae in a Multilevel System: The European Experience

Abstract

This chapter looks at the different investor citizenship schemes in the European Union (EU). This case study has been designed to illustrate how the different mechanisms for enabling investor citizenship function in a multilevel system, where EU citizenship is additional to and dependent on national membership. Policies targeting investors in the EU member states are then analysed in line with the classification employed in Chapter 4. Examining the different mechanisms that European countries employ to reach out to the wealthy, this chapter also takes into account: (a) the unique features of EU citizenship; (b) the role of European institutions; (c) the limits of EU law; and (d) characteristics of states and national constitutional identities articulated in citizenship policies.