Keratoconus and Corneal Noninflammatory Ectasias

Abstract

Keratoconus and corneal noninflammatory ectasias are common degenerative conditions that frequently result in visual loss with a typical onset in early adulthood. These conditions have been the most common reason for keratoplasty in the whole world in the last years. Causes and pathological mechanisms underlying these conditions are unknown, but both environmental and genetic factors are thought to contribute to their development and progression. Various diagnostic techniques have been employed to detect them as early as possible, and sophisticated therapies have been developed in the last 15 years to try to stop the progression of these diseases. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the etiology, risk factors, and actual therapies associated with these conditions.