Current and Wave Ripples

Abstract

Ripple marks are present as undulations on a non-cohesive surface, though they may also be found infrequently in muddy sediments as well. They are produced as a result of the interaction of waves or currents on a sediment surface. Ripple marks are one of the commonest features of sedimentary rocks, both in recent and ancient sediments. The shape and size of ripples vary considerably. The crests usually run parallel to each other or may anastomose partially. In transverse section they may be symmetrical or asymmetrical in shape. The crest may be sharp, rounded, or flattened. Only through later modification by change in water depth, etc., they may become rounded or flattened. Most of the classifications of ripple marks are based on their mode of origin, and their shape and size.