Biocontrol of Soil Phytopathogens by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza – A Review

Abstract

The symbiotic association of plants with fungus exhibited arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association that favour mineral and water nutrition and decrease abiotic and biotic stresses. It has been reported that approximately 90% of plants are colonized by the mycorrhizal fungi species ranging from angiosperms to gymnospermic plants, while several of them are devoid of AM fungi. During its life cycle, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi must have a host and this symbiotic association is reciprocally benign, where the AM provides help to the plant in nutrients uptake, and in return, the plant provides the fungus with carbon. The AM fungi have been used as a biocontrol agent in lieu of their antagonistic interaction with various soilborne plant pathogens. The review highlights various examples of use of AMF for the control of phytopathogenic flora and fauna. The present chapter reflects inclusive compilation that highlights the mechanisms adapted by AM Fungi for the control of pathogenic flora and fauna.