Abstract
Gastrointestinal and nutritional disorders have an underappreciated and varied relationship with the health of the eye. Dysregulation of the intestinal microbiome may lead to conditions ranging from ocular inflammation to age-related macular degeneration. Among other manifestations, nutritional deficiencies may lead to photoreceptor degenerations. Gastrointestinal cancers may have specific ocular findings. Herein we perform a comprehensive review of the relationship between the gastrointestinal system and the eye.
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CITATION STYLE
Scherbakova, I., Chen, R. W. S., Marcus, D. M., & Rustgi, A. (2022). Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Disorders. In Albert and Jakobiec’s Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology: Fourth Edition (pp. 7215–7245). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42634-7_303
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