Porous Coordination Polymers

Abstract

This chapter discusses about porous coordination polymers (PCPs) and/or metal-organic frameworks and mainly emphasizes the historical background, their synthesis, structural properties, and potential applications (mainly gas storage). We organize the gas storage application of PCPs into three sections -- H2, CH4, and CO2 storage -- in order to highlight the important concerns we must know before designing new functional MOFs. In the case of H2 storage application of MOFs, we have discussed four important parameters which effect their successful design for H2 storage application with examples from the literature, such as (1) H2 adsorption condition (pressure and temperature), (2) inclusion of reducing agents in the MOF, (3) effect of structural defect in MOF, and (4) effect of adsorption sites in the MOF structure (examples: MOF-177, Pt/AC/IRMOF-8, UiO-66(Zr), Yb-BTC). Further, we highlight the investigation results of methane storage application of MOFs, with appropriate examples such as PCN-14, M2(dhtp) [M: open metal = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn; dhtp = 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate], and UTSA-20. And then we discuss more details of various factors which we must take care before the successful design and synthesis of new MOFs for more CO2 storage such as: (1) the effect of open metal sites in the MOF, (2) the effect of the pore size and surface area of the framework, (3) effect of doping metals, (4) effect of amine functionalization in MOFs, (5) effect of nitrogen-rich MOFs, (6) effect of water molecules, with some important examples such as M-MOF-74 (M = Mg, Co, Fe, Zn, Ni), HKUST-1, etc.