Optical sensors and probes

Abstract

Optical sensors and probes have emerged as valuable analytical tools for the detection of a variety of biologically and chemically important analytes in the last three decades. Our aim for this chapter is not simply to provide a catalogue of results from the literature, but rather to discuss the fundamental principles behind optical sensing and to provide a suitable entry point for new researchers in the field. We take a bottom-up approach to the design of an optical sensor, starting with the different optical parameters available for use in sensing and the various response mechanisms shown by different classes of optical probes. We then consider the various approaches available for translation of a molecular probe into an optical sensor platform, including the current state-of-the-art and future trends in sensor design.