Cell membranes regulate a wide range of phenomena that are implicated in key cellular functions. Cholesterol, a critical component of eukaryotic cell membranes, is responsible for cellular organization, membrane elasticity, and other critical physicochemical parameters. Besides cholesterol, other lipid components such as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) are found in minor concentrations in cell membranes yet can also play a major regulatory role in various cell functions. In this chapter, we describe how solid-state deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (2H NMR) spectroscopy together with neutron spin-echo (NSE) spectroscopy can inform synergetic changes to lipid molecular packing due to cholesterol and PIP2 that modulate the bending rigidity of lipid membranes. Fundamental structure–property relations of molecular self-assembly are illuminated and point toward a length and time-scale dependence of cell membrane mechanics, with significant implications for biological activity and membrane lipid–protein interactions.
CITATION STYLE
Doole, F. T., Gupta, S., Kumarage, T., Ashkar, R., & Brown, M. F. (2023). Biophysics of Membrane Stiffening by Cholesterol and Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (Vol. 1422, pp. 61–85). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_2
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