The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japanese companion animal clinics

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a tremendous impact on people’s lives throughout the world. A cross-sectional study was conducted to clarify the influence of COVID-19 on Japanese companion animal clinics. A self-administered electronic questionnaire regarding the incidence of COVID-19, hygiene management, the influence on clinical service and employment, and mental stress of staff was conducted for workers in animal clinics between 1 May and 10 June 2021. Questions concerning the hygiene management before the occurrence of COVID-19, under the first state of emergency, and at the time of the survey were asked using the Likert scale. Kessler 6 (K6) was used as an indicator of mental distress. In total, 430 individuals responded. Of these, 4.9% experienced COVID-19 infection in staff. Hygiene management was strengthened, but no particular practice was statistically associated with the occurrence of COVID-19 cases in staff. In Nakaya’s variation of Scheffe’s paired comparison, the highest prioritized goal in the clinics was the prevention of nosocomial infection with COVID-19. The prevalence of serious mental illness (K6 >=13) was 11.1% (95% confidence interval: 6.3–18.6%). Multivariable negative binomial regression found four risk factors for psychological distress: veterinary nurse (P=0.016 with veterinarians and P<0.01 with other staff), female (P=0.004), fear of infection at work (P<0.001), and stress by refraining from going out (P<0.001). Directors of clinics are recommended to take care of female veterinary nurses for distress.