Changes in Mosques’ Architecture Design Between Functionalism and Symbolism

Abstract

The unique form of the mosque is derived from the essence of Islam itself purity, simplicity, and humbleness. The language of Mosque architecture is developed empirically through time. This architecture does not adhere to any specific guideline, as there are no particular architectural mosque ideas stated in either the holy Quran or the Hadith. As a result, the minaret, dome, gateway, and Mihrab are later additions and developed elements. Recently, there are many attempts in changing the traditional framework of the mosques’ architectural design. Many Forms and styles have appeared, mosque architecture has witnessed a gradual development in its design, from multifunctional, more complex, and details design to simplicity and Abstraction in each element of the mosque. This development is accompanied by the emergence of new features in the internal and external architectural elements as well as transformation from functional design to symbolic characteristics by introducing new elements and vocabulary for mosque architecture instead of the stereotypical image of the Mosque. Consequently, the research study aims to figure out the development of mosques’ architectural elements, form, and meaning between the functionalism and symbolic through analysis and comparison. Also, it will address the relation of generative architectural characters of the mosque and its reflection on the Islamic identity of several communities and context.