Routing topologies and architecture in cognitive radio vehicular Ad hoc networks

Abstract

With the advancement in the wireless communication, there has been an immense growth in the number of vehicles on the road. The unpredictable nature of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) due to random increase and decrease of the nodes/users (vehicle) on the roads is a challenging issue. Moreover, the increase in the number of nodes creates the problem of spectrum scarcity due to shortage of licensed spectrum for vehicular services. In order to solve the issue of spectrum scarcity, the cognitive radio network (CRN) has been developed which exploits the unlicensed spectrum for communication without affecting the licensed communication that is using interference avoidance. The CRNs are more vulnerable to the security and the privacy of the networks because the transmission parameters required for communication avoid the interference with the licensed and unlicensed users. Moreover, the safety message among the vehicles ensures the safety of the vehicles in the cognitive radio vehicular ad hoc network (CR–VANET) and also manages the sharing of the licensed/primary and the unlicensed/secondary users in the network. The routing and network topologies are a challenging issue due to mobility of vehicles. Therefore, in this review paper, we present the applications and various routing topologies for CR–VANET.