Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Uses of Latex from Selected Species of Apocynaceae

Abstract

Latex is a complex phytochemical that is mainly involved in the plant defense system. Several species belonging to the Apocynaceae family produce latex that is composed of diverse classes of phytochemicals including proteins, alkaloids, glycolipids, glycosides, acids, sterols, fatty acids, tannins, resins, oils, terpenoids/flavonoids, acetogenins, saponins, and allergens. These phytochemicals contain bioactive compounds with various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiamebic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antivenom properties. Additionally, species within the Apocynaceae have palliative effects, which frequently promotes the usage of latex-bearing species in traditional and contemporary medical systems. This chapter addresses the chemical composition of latex and provides a summary of its biological activities in selected species of Apocynaceae.