Examining the Relationship Between Basic Psychological Needs and Athlete Identity During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Objectives: During COVID-19 athletes have had games canceled, seasons postponed, and social supports lost. These changes negatively impact their motivation, and potentially identity, as athletes. We draw on self-determination theory to examine motivation in sport and its relationship with athlete identity during COVID-19. Design: A cross-sectional study design was employed consisting of online quantitative surveys. Method: We gathered background engagement and motivation data from 115 athletes involved in organized sport. They responded to questions on basic psychological needs satisfaction (competence, relatedness, autonomy) and athlete identity. Results: When reflecting on their basic psychological needs during the pandemic, most athletes considered them important. Athletes' competence and relatedness in sport were associated with social-related athlete identity, but not autonomy. Only relatedness in sport was associated with exclusivity-related social identity. Conclusions: Using a self-determination theoretical lens, our findings contribute to understanding athlete motivation and identities when sport is interrupted.