Breve história do ensino superior brasileiro e da formação de professores para a escola secundária

Abstract

This article deals with the evolution of the Brazilian higher education and its relation to the models of teacher education for secondary school, i.e., the upper grades of primary and secondary education. The analyses focus on the texts and documents which address the genealogy of the regulation of higher education and in particular teacher education courses, taking the state of São Paulo as the territorial basis of analysis. Since this study considers education as a historical phenomenon, it focuses on the political and economic context after 1930, when teacher education was raised to higher education and when education grew strongly due to the marked increase in the demand for it. Inspired by scientific research and initially conceived as an integrating core of the nascent university, the Faculty of Philosophy transmuted itself and became the first institutional locus of higher education responsible for teacher education. The analysis demonstrated the disarticulation of the faculty of philosophy within the university. Other forms of organization gradually replaced the faculty. It also demonstrated the expansion of higher education as isolated private institutions, here called new faculties of philosophy. With the advent of short degrees, these institutions grew significantly, contributing to the process of evolution of higher education towards the achievement of the binomial expansion / privatization.