Sexual orientation and its effects on the labor market: A study based on systematic review technique

Abstract

By using the systematic review technique, this work has two objectives. First, we tried to identify different forms of classification of sexual orientation in the labor market. For our second objective, the labor market was analyzed as a channel that generates unequal income distribution through discriminatory mechanisms based on income differentials based on sexual orientation. The data source used was the Periódicos Capes. Among the results, four forms of identification of sexual orientation were observed, with consensual unions (cohabitation) having the largest number of studies followed by self-declaration, behavior and activism. Additionally, results show a salary penalty suffered by gay men compared to their sexual counterparts, a salary premium for lesbians in relation to heterosexual women and disadvantages for homosexuals in labor market insertion. Simulations in the rate of interviews reveal signs of discrimination right at the initial hiring stage. Finally, it is emphasized that even with legislation protecting sexual minorities, and in more liberal and tolerant countries, the professional environment is not completely aligned with worker productivity.