Oncology: Way forward from clinical and molecular diagnosis to treatment

Abstract

Traditional methods of treating cancer, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are now frequently used in combination with one another as well as medications that target certain biological networks. The area of oncology has changed dramatically over the past 10 years as a result of developments in our understanding of the cancer biology. Clinical oncology uses molecular assays in a variety of ways. Hereditary cancer disorders are now often diagnosed via mutation analysis. Strict medical supervision and a variety of preventative measures are beneficial for healthy people who carry cancer-predisposing mutations. The approach to treating cancers brought on by germ-line alterations must be significantly changed. On the basis of the existence of identifiable mutations, cancer therapy now includes the personalised selection of cancer medications. Genetic examination is no longer restricted to obvious chromosomal defects in karyotypes, DNA in cells may now be examined down to the level of individual base pairs. The likelihood that individualised treatment for certain malignancies may be available soon rises as a result of our deep understanding of cancer genetics. In this chapter, the nucleic, cytogenetic, and bioinformatic methods that are expected to have an impact on cancer treatment and management are being discussed.