To elucidate the biological functions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP, [EC 2.4.2.30]) in DNA damage responses, genetic and biochemical approaches were undertaken. By disrupting exon 1 of the mouse PARP gene by a homologous recombination, PARP-deficient mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines and mice could be produced without demonstrating lethality. PARP(-/-) ES cells showed complete loss of PARP activity and increased sensitivity to γ-irradiation and an alkylating agents, indicating a physiological role for PARP in the response to DNA damage. p53, a key molecule in cellular DNA damage response, was found to stimulate PARP activity and became poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated in the presence of damaged DNA. However, PARP(-/-) ES cells showed p21 and Mdm-2 mRNA induction following γ-irradiation, indicating that PARP activity is not indispensable for p21 and Mdm-2 mRNA induction in the established p53-cascade. On the other hand, in a reconstituted reaction system, purified PARP from human placenta suppressed the pRB -phosphorylation activity in the presence of NAD and damaged DNA. Human PARP expressed in E. coli showed a similar effect on pRB-phosphorylation activity of cdk2. These findings suggest a direct involvement of PARP in the regulation of cdk activity for cell-cycle arrest.
CITATION STYLE
Masutani, M., Nozaki, T., Nishiyama, E., Shimokawa, T., Tachi, Y., Suzuki, H., … Sugimura, T. (1999). Function of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in response to DNA damage: Gene-disruption study in mice. In Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (Vol. 193, pp. 149–152). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8740-2_21
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