Recent progress of functionalized nanomaterials-based biosensing for monitoring of food- and water-borne pathogens

Abstract

Pathogenic diseases spreading through water and food media are a worldwide concern, causing substantial mortality and morbidity. The crucial part of controlling the transmission of these diseases is to keep an eye on the causative pathogens. Despite numerous efforts to ensure food and water safety, these outbreaks continue to occur worldwide. The accurate evaluations of pathogens in food and water and their quality track are key factors for determining water and food distribution networks, successful water treatment, and preventing the spread of food- and water-borne (FWB) diseases. Recently, researchers have focused on developing robust analytical methods utilizing nanomaterials (NMs) to quickly and accurately detect these FWB pathogens. In this context, biosensors based on NMs are attracting much interest in pathogen detection and monitoring. Different NMs such as carbon, quantum dots (QDs), gold (Au), silver (Ag), magnetic, metal oxide (MO), silica nanowires (silica NWs), and nano-metal organic frameworks (nMOFs) have been used to detect FWB pathogens. In this review, we have elaborated the application of different NMs for fabricating biosensors for detecting various FWB pathogens. The synergetic interaction of NMs in enhancing biosensor performance and future prospects has also been outlined.