This paper presents the adaptation of an immune network model, originally proposed to perform information compression and data clustering, to solve multimodal function optimization problems. The algorithm is described theoretically and empirically compared with similar approaches from the literature. The main features of the algorithm include: automatic determination of the population size, combination of local with global search (exploitation plus exploration of the fitness landscape), defined convergence criterion, and capability of locating and maintaining stable local optima solutions. © 2002 IEEE.
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De Castro, L. N., & Timmis, J. (2002). An artificial immune network for multimodal function optimization. In Proceedings of the 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2002 (Vol. 1, pp. 699–704). IEEE Computer Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/CEC.2002.1007011