Dermatitis atópica en niños: Estudio comparativo en dos grupos etarios

Abstract

Introduction: Prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased steadily. Risk factors are being researched worldwide. There is little data available in Argentina. Objetives y Methods: This study included 722 children > 12 and < 60 months of age residing in an urban community in Buenos Aires. UK's Working Party's criteria were used to establish the prevalence of AD. The objectives were a) to establish the prevalence of AD in children < 36 and > 36 months of age, b) evaluate gender differences in prevalence, and c) evaluate association between AD and the following variables: family history of atopia and degree of consanguinity; number of people living together < 4; use of synthetic clothing in direct contact with the skin; tobacco use within the home; use of rugs/carpeting within the home; environmental contaminating factors in each age group. Χ 2 was used to calcúlate associations in a logistic regression model. Results: Prevalence of AD was 31,3% (CI: 27,235,6) among children < 36 months and 49,6% (CI: 43,156,1) among children > 36 months. AD was more prevalent among younger males. Family history of atopia, use of synthetic material, and living near a factory were associated to AD in both age groups. Using rugs/carpeting inside the house was associated to the disease only in younger children. Conclusion: An elevated prevalence of AD was found in this lowincome population. It predominates among older children, which differs from commonly accepted findings. Not all evaluated risk factors were associated to the disease.