Evaluation of the GPR (1.2 GHz) technique in the characterization of masonry shells of the Theatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The geometric characterization and evaluation of structural integrity are challenges for the preservation of historical buildings. The challenges are associated to the lack of constructive records, material diversity, access and contact restrictions, and sample extraction. Non-destructive tests are indicated in these cases. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique with 1.2 GHz antenna in the study of the determination of material thickness and discontinuities in the masonry shells of the Theatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro, a heritage built in early 20th century, with high historical and cultural value. With paintings by renowned artists on their intrados, the domes and vault of brick masonry were at risk of collapse in the 1970s due to differential settlements in the supports and moisture, compromising their paintings. A strengthening intervention was carried out in 1976. Considering the masonry of bricks the main component, the electromagnetic wave propagation velocity was determined as 0,15 m/ns in one of the support walls, allowing to estimate the thicknesses of the elements ranging between 20 and 31 cm. Materials incorporated into the structure were identified: reinforcement, metal inserts and bricks. However, the frequency of the antenna did not allow the detection of damages. The application of the GPR to the characterization of materials and investigation of the integrity of the domes of the Theatro Municipal highlights the potential of this technology to study heritage and other constructions.