Chapter 10 Icing

Abstract

Aircraft icing is one of the major weather haz-ards to aviation. Icing is a cumulative hazard. It r~duces aircraft efficiency by increasing weight, re-ducing lift, decreasing thrust, and increasing drag. As shown in figure 89, each effect tends to either slow the aircraft or force it downward. Icing also seriously impairs aircraft engine performance. Other icing effects include false indications on flight in-struments, loss of radio communications, and loss of operation of control surfaces, brakes, and landing gear. In this chapter we discuss the principles of struc-tural, induction system, and instrument icing and relate icing to cloud types and other factors. Al-though ground icing and frost are structural icing, we discuss them separately because of their differ-ent effect on an aircraft. And we wind up the chapter with a few operational pointers.