A One-Dimensional Numerical Model for High-Performance Two-Stroke Engines

Abstract

Computer software that simulates the thermodynamic and gas dynamic properties of internal combustion engines can play a significant role in the design and optimization of internal combustion engines. In the present work, a quasi-dimensional numerical model for two-stroke engines is presented. Particular attention was paid to reporting in-cylinder models, combustion (turbulent with flame development and flame–wall interaction), and turbulence (K-k- (Formula presented.) model), with the addition of tumble- and squish-generated turbulence that is quite common in such engines. The aim was to reduce the role of the calibration constants, which are fundamental for correlating the models with the experiments, and relations for calculating the tumble ratio and turbulent scales were reported. A one-dimensional model for manifolds is also presented (solving the Euler equations), using the second-order Roe Riemann solver with some improvements, paying particular attention to the source terms, such as area variation. Additionally, a new approach to the end-pipe boundaries, which would reduce the mass conservation error, is reported. The engines tested were two kart two-stroke engines, used for racing purposes: the IAME X30 engine and the IAME Screamer III KZ engine. A comparison between the model results and the experimental data was made, and good accordance was observed, with a root mean square error of about 0.5 kW and providing good accuracy in evaluating changes, such as the combustion chamber squish area and the exhaust pipe length.