Epidemiology of stone disease in Iran

Abstract

Iran is a country of great variation in geography and climate. The urolithiasis prevalence rate is 5.7 %, and the incidence is 145/100,000. The gender ratio (M:F) is 1.15�1.38:1. Stone recurrence occurs in 36 %. The most common coexisting diseases are hypertension (15.8 %) and diabetes (11.4 %). Stone disease is more common in the uneducated; 13.6 % are obese and 37.1 % overweight. The commonest stone components are whewellite (81.5 %), apatite (69 %), weddellite (40.7 %), and ammonium acid urate (24.4 %). In one study, infection stone comprised 6.5 % of all stones