Soil Microbiome: A Key Player in Conservation of Soil Health Under Changing Climatic Conditions

Abstract

Plants are frequently subjected to a range of biotic and abiotic stress conditions in the environment that restrict their development and growth. Improving agricultural output and productivity to feed the world’s rapidly growing population would be a big challenge if chemical fertilisation were reduced. Agricultural intensification places enormous strain on the soil’s ability to influence its functions, resulting in long-term large-scale environmental degradation and productivity loss. Soil health conservation is essential for sustainable agriculture and a fundamental indicator of agro-ecosystem sustainability. However, soil resources, particularly climate change, are presently facing significant threat threats significant from anthropogenic activities. Agriculture, climate, and agriculture’s survival are all facing increased problems and complexity as a result of environmental changes. Soil microbiome is necessary for the preservation of the earth’s natural soil cycling processes associated with organic matter breakdown, nutrient cycling, and agricultural yields, and is thus critical to human health-being. Examining the significance of soil microorganisms and their related activities in a range of ecological and microenvironmental niche zones is thus not only relevant, but also critical. Modern genomic techniques showed significant prospects for distinguishing uncultivated diversity and discovering changes in the microbial community associated with susceptible and disease-tolerant plants and discovering how climate change impacts microbes. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms, gene editing technologies, metagenomics bioinformatics techniques enable us to unfold hidden web interactions and core microbiomes to effectively deploy the microbiome to improve agricultural absorption of nutrients and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Because of our negligence to maintain and conserve microbe’s population, we are reducing certain constituents of the microbial population that are economically and environmentally important due to degradation caused by time changes in temperature and climate. In this study, we include a broader explanation of microbial communities’ dynamics, as well as their relationships with various plant hosts and the environment. This awareness will be crucial for better predicting the roles of ecosystems in a changing environment.