Abstract
The cryosphere is defined by the presence of frozen water in its many forms: glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, snow, permafrost, and river and lake ice. In the extended Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region, including the Pamirs, Tien Shan and Alatua, the cryosphere is a key freshwater resource, playing a vital and significant role in local and regional hydrology and ecology. Industry, agriculture, and hydroelectric power generation rely on timely and sufficient delivery of water in major river systems; changes in the cryospheric system may thus pose challenges for disaster risk reduction in the extended HKH region.
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Bolch, T., Shea, J. M., Liu, S., Azam, F. M., Gao, Y., Gruber, S., … Zhang, Y. (2019). Status and Change of the Cryosphere in the Extended Hindu Kush Himalaya Region. In The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People (pp. 209–255). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_7
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