"Art Therapy" implementation and evaluation in older persons with dementia

Abstract

Objectives: By developing and implementing of "art therapy" sessions for older persons with dementia, we hoped to (1) identify therapy effects, (2) characterize subjects' works, (3) determine positive and negative responses to therapy, and (4) promote interventions to which subjects responded positively. Subjects and Methods: Subjects were five women diagnosed with Alzheimer disease (n = 5; mean age, 86 ±5.9 years) living at "H" Dementia Group Home who agreed to take part. We conducted 12 weekly "art therapy" sessions of 60 minutes each for three months. We used Uchida's outcome measures for dementia care, and BEHAVE-AD for assessment. We also evaluated subjects' works. We collected and categorized data on their responses. Results: (1) Assessment showed improvement in BPSD, caretaker's stress and fatigue, fulfilling interests and purposes in life and making a positive contribution. Positive therapy responses included production volunteerism and admiring another person's work, thereby showing favorable behavior and expression. (2) Their works featured vivid colors, high abstraction, bold design, and attractive simplicity. (3) Subjects responded positively to "unconventional" representation rather than realism with simple processes using high-intensity primary colors, familiar "livingware materials" using fabric, and the chance to select color and materials. (4) "I can't do it" behaviors changed from negative or passive to positive and active through producing work. Conclusions: Art therapy was effective in older persons with dementia. Reactions, words, and behavior by participants during therapy shared with caretakers enable better daily support and develop potentials of those with dementia. Caretakers should encourage the elderly to do what they can in daily care by assessing therapy results. Caretakers should also carefully consider selecting subjects and intervention, while recognizing needs for a calm atmosphere.