The shape of the left lateral ridge as a predictor of long-term outcome of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation based on clinical and experimental data

Abstract

Background: The left lateral ridge (LLR) is an important structure for ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study assessed how the LLR shape is associated with the long-term outcomes of AF ablation and investigated the relationship with radiofrequency (RF) lesion formation. Methods and results: Clinical study - we assessed multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) images in 247 patients who underwent AF ablation. Patients were classified into two groups according to the shape of the LLR: Narrow LLR group (n = 116; 47%) and Wide LLR group (n = 131; 53%). After a follow-up period 475 ± 245 days, the AF-free rate was significantly higher in the wide LLR than Narrow LLR group (83.2% vs. 62.9%, p = 0.0004). A multivariate analysis showed that the shape of the LLR was an independent predictor of AF recurrence after ablation (hazard ratio 2.58; 95% confidential interval = 1.48–4.51, p = 0.001). Experimental study - Two types of the ridge models were made with porcine atrial tissues: “Narrow ridge(4.2 ± 0.9 mm)” and “Wide ridge(9.7 ± 1.8 mm)” RF ablation was performed on each ridge model using a contact force (CF)-sensing catheter. The mean CF and the RF lesion volume of the narrow ridge were significantly less than those of the wide ridge model (5.42 ± 3.13 g vs. 10.37 ± 3.98 g, p = 0.001; 19.8 ± 9.9 mm3 vs. 44.2 ± 13.6 mm3, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: AF recurrence after ablation was more frequent in patients with a narrow LLR. LLR shape as assessed using MDCT is associated with long-term outcomes after AF ablation. CF and lesion formation data using the porcine atrial tissue model support our clinical results.