Resilient Structures and Infrastructure

Abstract

This book discusses resilience in terms of structures’ and infrastructures’ responses to extreme loading conditions. These include static and dynamic loads such as those generated by blasts, terrorist attacks, seismic events, impact loadings, progressive collapse, floods and wind. In the last decade, the concept of resilience and resilient-based structures has increasingly gained in interest among engineers and scientists. Resilience describes a given structure’s ability to withstand sudden shocks. In other words, it can be measured by the magnitude of shock that a system can tolerate. This book offers a valuable resource for the development of new engineering practices, codes and regulations, public policy, and investigation reports on resilience, and provides broad and integrated coverage of the effects of dynamic loadings, and of the modeling techniques used to compute the structural response to these loadings. Intro; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Resilience in Structures; Application of Steel Shear Walls Toward More Resilient Structures; 1 Introduction; 2 Steel Shear Wall Systems; 3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Steel Plate Shear Walls; 3.1 Advantages of Steel Plate Shear Walls; 3.2 Issues in Using Steel Shear Walls; 4 Examples of Constructed Steel Plate Shear Wall Buildings; 5 Actual Performance of Steel Shear Wall Buildings During Earthquakes; 5.1 The Sylmar County Hospital (Old Olive View Medical Center), 1994 Northridge Earthquake; 5.2 The 35-Story Office Building, 1995 Kobe Earthquake 6 A Brief Summary of the Past Research7 Behavior of Typical Steel Plate Shear Walls; 8 Modeling Steel Shear Walls; 8.1 The Plate Girder Model and Design Procedure; 8.2 The Shell Elements Model; 8.3 The Strip Truss Modelling and Design; 8.4 The Diagonal Truss Model; 9 Design of Steel Shear Walls; 9.1 Design of the Infill Plate Using Plate Girder Equations; 9.2 Design of the Infill Plate Using the Strip Model; 9.3 Design of the Infill Plate Using Finite Element Model; 10 Material Used in Steel Shear Wall Systems; 11 Design of Members and Connections 11.1 Infill Plate-to-Boundary Element Connection11.2 Splices in the Infill Plate; 11.3 Beam-to-Column Connections; 11.4 Column Splices; 11.5 Collectors Connections; 11.6 Column Base Connections; 11.7 The Connection of Infill Plate to the Foundation; 12 Construction Considerations; 13 Recent New Developments; 13.1 Coupled Bays and CFT Columns; 13.2 The High-Performance Steel Plate Shear Wall (Qian and Astaneh-Asl 2017); 13.3 Buckling Restrained Steel Shear Walls; 13.4 Steel Slit Panel-Frame Shear Walls; 13.5 Perforated Steel Shear Walls; 14 Summary; References Resilience of the Built Environment: A Methodology to Estimate the Downtime of Building Structures Using Fuzzy Logic1 Introduction; 2 Fuzzy Logic; 2.1 Fuzzification; 2.2 Fuzzy Rules; 2.3 Fuzzy Inference System (FIS); 2.4 Defuzzification; 3 Methodology to Quantify the Downtime and Seismic Resilience; 3.1 Damage Estimation; 4 Downtime Due to Repairs; 4.1 State of Components; 4.2 Number of Workers; 5 Downtime Due to Delays; 5.1 Financing; 5.2 Post-earthquake Inspection; 5.3 Engineer Mobilization; 5.4 Contractor Mobilization; 5.5 Permitting; 6 Downtime Due to Utilities Disruption; 6.1 Electricity 6.2 Natural Gas6.3 Water; 7 Illustrative Example; 7.1 The Northridge Earthquake Scenario; 7.2 Damage Estimation; 7.3 Downtime Due to Repairs; 7.4 Downtime Due to Delays; 7.5 Downtime Due to Utilities Disruption; 7.6 Total Repair Time; 7.7 Seismic Resilience Estimation; 8 Summary and Remarks; References; Resilient Design of Buildings with Hysteretic Energy Dissipation Devices as Seismic Fuses; 1 Introduction; 2 Seismic Fuse Concept; 2.1 Pioneering Research and Applications; 2.2 Proposed Resilient-Based Design Methods; 3 Code-Oriented Resilient Design Method