Automatic Generation Control in a Smart Grid using Electrical vehicle as a Battery Energy Storage System

Abstract

The Load Frequency Control (LFC) problem in a smart grid is presented in this paper. For the visualization of the problem, an isolated two area restructured power system contains thermal-thermal non-reheat unit with distributed wind energy system considered. In the study presented here efforts have been put to visualize and realize the LFC problem because of sudden load variation and uneven wind power in the smart grid. The generators are assumed working in Automatic Generation Control (AGC) mode under the bilateral market contract to meet the load demand. For visualization of load frequency control problem with local load variation of +20% and wind power which further add in sudden load deviation has been considered. Generators running under AGC mode are facing the cyclic and random load frequency fluctuations due to this sudden load variation and grid-connected wind power. In this way to enhance the solution the grid-connected aggregated EV batteries are used in distribution areas in the simulation with charging and discharging mode as distributed battery energy storage. The effect of grid-connected EV has studied for the improvement in stability as well as system dynamic response. From the results it is observed that the peak overshoots and settling time in load frequency fluctuations have minimized during the sudden load variation and wind power fluctuations.