Animal models of tardive dyskinesia

Abstract

It is possible to induce in monkeys abnormal movements of the mouth and tongue resembling strikingly tardive dyskinesia. Such movements can be induced by chronic treatment with neuroleptics or by lesions placed in the habenulo interpeduncular tract or nucleus parafascicularis thalami. Dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors are involved in the modulation of such movements.