Biogenesis, Characterization and Bioefficacy of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles from Averrhoa Bilimbi Fruit Extract

Abstract

A brisk and one-step green method of stannic oxide (Tin oxide) nanoparticles synthesis from the fruit essence of Averrhoa bilimbi has been described in this paper. Nanoparticle was synthesized using the method of co-precipitation and reduction with plant extract. The synthesized tin oxide nanoparticles have been characterized using different analytical techniques. Characterization was performed using UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, and X-ray Powder Diffraction. UV-Vis spectrum showed an absorbance in the range of 280 nm to 290 nm. The scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the spherical morphology of the green synthesized nanoparticles and the energy-dispersive spectroscopy spectrum sights the intense peaks of Sn and O which validate the constitution of tin oxide nanoparticle. Further, X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of SnO2 nanoparticles in tetragonal crystal structure and the crystalline size of the nanoparticles estimated falls in the range of 2.6 nm. The nanoparticles size is determined to be at close range of 3.08 nm from the transmission electron microscopy studies. The exertion of the SnO2 nanoparticles was found against Klebsiella aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Biosynthesized SnO2 nanoparticles showed antioxidant activity too. These findings support the use of tin oxide nanoparticles in distinct applications remarkably in medical field. SnO2 nanoparticles synthesis using the Averrhoa bilimbi fruit extract is being reported for the first time in this study to the best of our knowledge.