Avaliação Fitoquímica, Microbiológica e Citotóxica das Folhas de Gossypium arboreum L. (Malvaceae)

Abstract

The species Gossypium arboretum L. (Malvaceae) is used by local people for various diseases, mainly respiratory diseases. The objective of this research was to perform a phytochemical screening, microbial activity and cytotoxic analysis of crude ethanol extract of the leaves of this species. Was used for phytochemical analysis one analytical and qualitative methodology described by Barbosa (2004), and microbial by disk diffusion method at concentrations of 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL of the crude ethanol extract. Through chemical screening alkaloids, phenols, tannins, saponins espumidicas, and depsideos depsidonas, triterpenes and steroids, these metabolites have some activities that correlate with the alleged population. With the cytotoxicity analysis was possible to obtain the LC50 = 238 mg/mL, indicating that a crude ethanol extract showed a moderate toxicity. The extract showed no inhibition against the Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) at concentrations of 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL. The results are correlated with the species popular use, and the cytotoxicity should be investigated in more depth so that this species is used properly and safely, always looking for safety and effectiveness in the use of medicinal plants. Keywords: Cotton; secondary metabolites; Artemia salina ; biological assay.