Current trends in biosensors for the detection of cattle diseases worldwide

Abstract

The abrupt outset and upsurge of existing viral illnesses in dairy cattle are anticipated to put economies and animal life around the world under aberrant stress. Throughout the world, countries are still battling the periodic invasion of diseases. The devastating impact of a pandemic on animals and the economy should serve as a wake-up call to be better prepared for the arrival of known and undiscovered viruses in the future. Considering this scenario, there is an urgent need to develop a set of initiatives and procedures to deal with certain viral infections in cattle such as lumpy skin disease (LSD), hemorrhagic septicemia (HS), enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1), contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), bovine tuberculosis (bTB), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC). Pathogen detection presently involves several methods and organized efforts, and biosensors are one new technology that is increasingly used in point-of-care devices. The quick response time, high sensitivity, high selectivity, and ease of miniaturization of biosensors make them preferable to other diagnostic methods. In-depth emphasis is placed in the present study on the drawbacks and complex possibilities of a wide range of biosensors from both a current and a prospective future viewpoint. Additionally, a recent development in electro-analytical biosensing technology is emphasized to the best of this study's ability, along with its potential to spot and monitor newly emerging and reemerging infectious diseases in cattle.