Islamist Movements: Evolution, Approaches and Contestation

Abstract

This chapter explores the multifaceted dynamics of Islamist movements in the context of globalisation. The rise of Islamist movements in the 1970s is examined as a post-class, post-ideological response to cultural, social and colonial influences. The chapter explores various approaches to studying Islamist movements, including historical, political economy and sociological approaches, ultimately proposing an integrated approach that takes into account their specific historical situatedness. Furthermore, the chapter analyses the underlying dynamics of Islamist movements, considering socio-demographic factors, urbanisation and class backgrounds. It emphasises the status anxiety and cultural discomfort experienced by members, as well as the link between structural strain and movement contention. With a focus on the relationship between Islamist movements and democratic politics, the chapter challenges the misconception of their incompatibility. It explores the political strategies employed by Islamist movements and their involvement in social work, while also acknowledging the power gap between civil and religious institutions, which certain radical Islamist groups exploit, resulting in a crisis of authority in the Muslim world.