Evaluation of various deformable image registration algorithms for thoracic images

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Abstract

We evaluated the accuracy of one commercially available and three publicly available deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms for thoracic four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) images. Five patients with esophagus cancer were studied. Datasets of the five patients were provided by DIR-lab (dir-lab.com) and consisted of thoracic 4D CT images and a coordinate list of anatomical landmarks that had been manually identified. Expert landmark correspondence was used for evaluating DIR spatial accuracy. First, the manually measured displacement vector field (mDVF) was obtained from the coordinate list of anatomical landmarks. Then the automatically calculated displacement vector field (aDVF) was calculated by using the following four DIR algorithms: B-spine implemented in Velocity AI (Velocity Medical, Atlanta, GA, USA), free-form deformation (FFD), Horn-Schunk optical flow (OF) and Demons in DIRART of MATLAB software. Registration error is defined as the difference between mDVF and aDVF. The mean 3D registration errors were 2.7 ± 0.8 mm for B-spline, 3.6 ± 1.0 mm for FFD, 2.4 ± 0.9 mm for OF and 2.4 ± 1.2 mm for Demons. The results showed that reasonable accuracy was achieved in B-spline, OF and Demons, and that these algorithms have the potential to be used for 4D dose calculation, automatic image segmentation and 4D CT ventilation imaging in patients with thoracic cancer. However, for all algorithms, the accuracy might be improved by using the optimized parameter setting. Furthermore, for B-spline in Velocity AI, the 3D registration error was small with displacements of less than ∼10 mm, indicating that this software may be useful in this range of displacements. © 2013 The Author.

Figures

  • Table 1. CT image and reference landmark characteristics
  • Fig. 1. An example of inhale and exhale imaging with 300 landmark pairs.
  • Table 2. DIR registration accuracy
  • Fig. 2. Difference images for registration of inhalation-to-exhalation 4D CT volumes for Case 1 and Case 5. No DIR = no deformable image registration, B-spline = deformable image registration with B-spline, FFD = deformable image registration with free-form deformation, OF = deformable image registration with Horn–Schunk optical flow, Demons = deformable image registration with Demons.
  • Fig. 3. Registration error versus displacement magnitude. Only error bar (standard deviation) of B-spline is shown.
  • Fig. 4. Histograms of the displacement magnitude of landmark pairs for each case.

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APA

Kadoya, N., Fujita, Y., Katsuta, Y., Dobashi, S., Takeda, K., Kishi, K., … Jingu, K. (2014). Evaluation of various deformable image registration algorithms for thoracic images. Journal of Radiation Research, 55(1), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrt093

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