Properties of a human insulin receptor with a COOH-terminal truncation. II. Truncated receptors have normal kinase activity but are defective in signaling metabolic effects

Abstract

We have previously shown that a mutant human insulin receptor with a COOH-terminal 43-amino acid deletion (HIRΔCT), when expressed in Rat 1 fibroblasts, binds insulin normally, autophosphorylates, and undergoes endocytosis after insulin binding in a manner comparable to the normal human insulin receptor (HIRc). In this paper we have examined the biologic activity of the truncated and normal insulin receptors. In vitro, the HIRΔCT receptors caused a 1.8-fold greater phosphorylation of a Glu4/Tyr1 polypeptide than did the HIRc receptors, but the two receptor types were nearly equivalent in their ability to phosphorylate a src-derived peptide. Furthermore, insulin preactivation of HIRc and HIRΔCT receptors in intact cells led to equivalent stimulation of tyrosine kinase activity as subsequently determined for histone in vitro. Expression of HIRc receptors in cells led to enhanced sensitivity to insulin of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake and glycogen synthase activation. This increased sensitivity was proportional to receptor number at low (R0 = 6400) but not at high (R0 = 1.25 x 106) levels of receptor expression. However, expression of HIRΔCT receptors (R0 = 2.5 x 105) led to little, if any, increase in insulin sensitivity of either 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake or glycogen synthase activation. Furthermore, compared with HIRc cells, HIRΔCT cells respond poorly to an agonistic monoclonal antibody specific for the human insulin receptor. In conclusion, the HIRΔCT receptor retains intact protein kinase activity in vitro. Despite this, however, the receptor displays low activity in mediating the metabolic effects of insulin.