Comparison of 24-h Urine Protein, Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio, and Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio in IgA Nephropathy

Abstract

BACKGROUND Proteinuria is a strong risk factor for renal outcomes in IgA nephropathy. Random urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR), random albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), and 24-h urine protein excretion (24-h UP) have been widely used in clinical practice. However, the measurement which is the best predictor of long-term renal outcomes remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the three measurements in IgA nephropathy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 766 patients with IgA nephropathy. The associations among baseline ACR, PCR, and 24-h UP with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression event, defined as 50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline or end stage kidney disease (ESKD), were tested and compared. RESULTS In this study, ACR, PCR, and 24-h UP showed high correlation (r = 0.671-0.847, P < 0.001). After a median follow-up of 29.88 (14.65-51.65) months, 51 (6.66%) patients reached the CKD progression event. In univariate analysis, ACR performed better in predicting the prognosis of IgA nephropathy, with a higher area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) curve than PCR and 24-h UP. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, ACR was most associated with composite CKD progression event [per log-transformed ACR, hazard ratio (HR): 2.82; 95% (95% CI): 1.31-6.08; P = 0.008]. CONCLUSIONS In IgA nephropathy, ACR, PCR, and 24-h UP had a high correlation. ACR performed better in predicting the prognosis of IgA nephropathy.