Perceived knowledge, attitude towards HIV/ AIDS, and sexual behavior among migrant workers in Malaysia: A structural path analysis

Abstract

Background: Acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to be a public health challenge. Migrant workers are vulnerable to indulge in high-risk health behaviors. In this context, we analyzed the impact of perceived knowledge and attitude towards human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS on sexual behavior among migrant workers in Sarawak, Malaysia. Material and methods: Data of 314 migrant workers were collected via face-to-face interview, using a cross-sectional structured questionnaires. Data analysis were done using Stata version 16.0; however, a structural equation model was developed and evaluated with WarpPLs, version 7.0. Results: Hypothetical model of sexual behavior, and perceived knowledge and attitude towards HIV/ AIDS were investigated in the present study. Analysis revealed that both directly and indirectly mediated through attitudes towards HIV/AIDS influence sexual behavior (p < 0.05). Moreover, attitude towards HIV/AIDS directly influenced sexual behavior (p < 0.05). However, knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission did not affect sexual behavior (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that construction workers (p < 0.05) and daily wage (p < 0.001) had an impact on HIV and AIDS knowledge. Type of job such as farming (p < 0.05), daily wage (p < 0.05), and HIV and AIDS knowledge had an impact on attitude towards HIV and AIDS. However, type of job and daily wage appeared to be significant predictors of sexual behavior. Conclusions: Although this study did not describe overall sexual behavior scenario among migrant workers, the findings could support guidelines and policies to developed awareness-creating packages, including HIV/AIDS behavior change communication. That would help to diminish HIV/AIDS vulnerability among migrant workers.