Construction of Unified Human Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Peptide Database and Examination of Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Peptides in Alzheimer’s Disease Using Network Analysis of Proteomics Datasets

Abstract

The reanalysis of genomics and proteomics datasets by bioinformatics approaches is an appealing way to examine large amounts of reliable data. This can be especially true in cases such as Alzheimer’s disease, where the access to biological samples, along with well-defined patient information can be challenging. Considering the inflammatory part of Alzheimer’s disease, our aim was to examine the presence of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptides in human proteomic datasets deposited in the publicly available proteomics database ProteomeXchange (http://www.proteomexchange.org/). First, a unified, comprehensive human antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptide database, containing all known human antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptides was constructed and used along with the datasets containing high-quality proteomics data originating from the examination of Alzheimer’s disease and control groups. A throughout network analysis was carried out, and the enriched GO functions were examined. Less than 1% of all identified proteins in the brain were antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptides, but the alterations characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease could be recapitulated with their analysis. Our data emphasize the key role of the innate immune system and blood clotting in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. The central role of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptides suggests their utilization as potential targets for mechanistic studies and future therapies.