Long-term Follow-up of Patients With Cerebral Palsy Undergoing Catheterizable Channel Creation Without Concurrent Bladder Augmentation

Abstract

Objective: To characterize long-term outcomes for adults with cerebral palsy who have undergone catheterizable channel creation without concurrent bladder augmentation. Methods: Retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent catheterizable channel creation without augmentation by the senior author. Variables of interest included development of de novo neurogenic detrusor overactivity, change in continence, escalation in therapy, and upper tract changes. Descriptive statistics were conducted using t-tests and chi-squared tests as appropriate. Results: Nine patients were followed for an average of 70 months. Prior to surgery two patients were on regular clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), six were not on CIC, and one was on occasional CIC. Patients not on CIC preoperatively were more likely to develop de novo neurogenic detrusor overactivity (83% vs 0%, P = .02), and have statistically significant decreases in average compliance (P = .04 vs P = .31). They were also more likely to require escalation in bladder therapy (83% vs 50%) and have worsening of incontinence (67% vs 0%), though these did not reach statistical significance (P = .34, 0.1). Five patients underwent repeat urodynamics an average of 46 months after initial postoperative study because of persistent urgency - 4 of 5 had stable urodynamic findings and one demonstrated >50% reduction in compliance and capacity. Conclusion: Adults with cerebral palsy who are not on CIC prior to creation of a catheterizable channel are at high risk for development of de novo neurogenic detrusor overactivity and decrease in bladder compliance. Prophylactic augmentation should be considered in this group.