Logistics and results of a colorectal cancer screening program in a municipality in the Hinterland of Alagoas

Abstract

Background – Colorectal cancer (CRC) has high mortality rates worldwide. In Brazil, it is the second most common cancer in both sexes. Delay in detecting premalignant lesions contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. In this scenario, the Piranhas project was created to track CRC in a low-income population in the hinterland of Alagoas. Objective – The study aimed to establish the main strategies and verify the feasibility of implementing a CRC tracking program and demonstrate the results obtained in the CRC Prevention Campaign in Piranhas/AL. Methods – The program took place in Piranhas, Alagoas, Brazil, through public-private partnerships. Individuals aged between 50 and 70 years of age were included for screening with a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy in positive cases. Patient data were collected on standard forms. Results – A total of 2152 patients, aged between 50 and 70 years, were screened, 130 of which underwent colonoscopy. Several preneoplastic lesions were detected in 58 patients. The adenoma detection rate (ADR) was 33.85%. Conclusion – The study proved to be effective and viable since 44.6% of the program participants, who underwent screening with FOBT, followed by colonoscopy in positive cases, had some type of preneoplastic lesion. In addition, the program generated a significant social impact on the population of Piranhas due to the opportunity to diagnose and treat CRC precursor lesions.