ATP Synthesis from Carbon-based Fuels by Glycolysis and Glycogenolysis

Abstract

TAKE HOME MESSAGES • ATP is generated by the metabolic breakdown of carbon-based fuels in two ways: substrate-level phosphorylation and rephosphorylating ADP to ATP by oxidizing O2 in the mitochondria • Glycolysis is a good example of substrate-level phosphorylation • Glycolysis provides only a small fraction of total ATP production • The regulatory properties of phosphofructokinase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase explain why the glycolytic rate is low in the normal myocardium and increases in .energy-poor conditions such · as ischemia and hypertrophy • Aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis are both normal conditions of the heart J. S. Ingwall, ATP and the Heart