Educational development of Spanish nursing ant its specialties: Front the dawn of the S. XX to the present

Abstract

Nursing in Spain and its specialties experienced important formative and legislative changes from the past century to the present. Objective: To analyze the current Spanish legislation on training evolution in nursing and specialties, from the dawn of the XX-XXI century. Method: Descriptive bibliographical review. The following were consulted: Medline databases, Dialnet, Scielo, ScienceDirect; manuals; and official documents. Inclusion criteria: Original articles on training and legislation; text complete; language (English, Spanish and Portuguese); documents published between 2005 and 2017; Study period between XX and XXI century. Exclusion criteria: duplicate items; jobs not adjusted to the objective; nor to the period of study. Results: The recognition of the nursing profession in Spain (1915) initiated a formative and legislative process, together with the evolution experienced by the nursing specialties and their accreditation. Conclusions: During the 20th century, Spanish nursing was marked by major formative and legislative changes, such as the official creation of the Nursing Degree, the appearance of Technical Health Assistants (ATS) and later University Diploma Nurses (DUE). Currently, the training is developed by University Degree that allows access to master's and doctorate. In parallel, the nurse specialization experienced notable changes in the naming of the specialties and their access.